Kapoor V, Smith C, Santo Domingo JW, et al. (2014) Sequencing human mitochondrial hypervariable region II as a molecular fingerprint for environmental waters. (2005) Transport of chemical and microbial compounds from known wastewater discharges: potential for use as indicators of human fecal contamination. Glassmeyer ST, Furlong ET, Kolpin DW, et al. (2008) Species detection using environmental DNA from water samples. doi: 10.1111/j.įicetola GF, Miaud C, Pompanon F, et al. (2012) Next‐generation sequencing technologies for environmental DNA research. doi: 10.3109/19401736.2013.840591Ĭomas D, Reynolds R, Sajantila A (1999) Analysis of mtDNA HVRII in several human populations using an immobilised SSO probe hybridisation assay. (2015) Mitochondrial DNA diversity in the African American population. Johnson DC, Shrestha S, Wiener HW, et al. (1998) Polymorphic sites in human mitochondrial DNA control region sequences: population data and maternal inheritance. (2000) mtDNA hypervariable region II (HVII) sequences in human evolution studies. (1995) Validation of mitochondrial DNA sequencing for forensic casework analysis. Wilson MR, DiZinno JA, Polanskey D, et al. Wallace DC, Brown MD, Lott MT (1999) Mitochondrial DNA variation in human evolution and disease. Wallace DC (1994) Mitochondrial DNA sequence variation in human evolution and disease. doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2008.117īonatto SL, Salzano FM (1997) A single and early migration for the peopling of the Americas supported by mitochondrial DNA sequence data. (2008) The use of common mitochondrial variants to detect and characterise population structure in the Australian population: implications for genome-wide association studies. ![]() Analysis of human mitochondrial DNA sequences from fecally polluted environmental waters as a tool to study population diversity. It may be possible to expand this approach to other animal species inhabiting or using natural water systems.Ĭitation: Vikram Kapoor, Michael Elk, Carlos Toledo-Hernandez, Jorge W. This environmental DNA approach may also have other public health implications such as tracking background levels of human mitochondrial genes associated with diseases. ![]() The results from this study demonstrates the potential value of mitochondrial sequence data retrieved from fecally impacted environmental waters to study the population diversity of local municipalities. This was in relative accordance with population census data from the watershed sites. The HVR2 sequences were associated with haplogroups of West Eurasian (57.6%), Sub-Saharan African (23.9%), and American Indian (11%) ancestry. Sequence analyses indicated a total of 19 distinct variants with frequency greater than 5%. We used high-throughput sequencing (Illumina) and barcoding to obtain thousands of sequences from the mitochondrial hypervariable region 2 (HVR2) and determined the different haplotypes present in 10 different water samples. Here, we used environmental DNA extracts to determine the presence and sequence variability of human mitochondrial sequences as a means to study the diversity of populations inhabiting in areas nearby a tropical watershed impacted with human fecal pollution. Traditionally, this requires obtaining samples directly from individuals which is cumbersome, time consuming and limited to the number of individuals that participated in these types of surveys. ![]() Mitochondrial signature sequences have frequently been used to study human population diversity around the world.
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